The Inter Milan striker was infuriated by comments from Cameroon legend Roger Milla, who questioned his contributions to the Indomitable Lions.
Eto'o said he was considering whether he should participate in the World Cup but coach Paul Le Guen did not seem bothered by his remarks, including him in Cameroon's final roster.
Uncapped Gaetan Bong and Eric Choupo-Moting were also named in the squad although they are yet to be given the all-clear by world governing body FIFA to play for Cameroon.
Bong and Choupo-Moting are facing a race against time to switch their international allegiance, having represented France and Germany respectively at junior level.
Vincent Aboubakar of Coton Sport is the only home-based player to be chosen by French tactician Le Guen.
Four-time African champions Cameroon open their World Cup campaign against Japan on June 14. They will also face Holland and Denmark in Group E.
Cameroon squad:
Goalkeepers: Guy Roland N'Dy Assembe (Valenciennes), Idriss Carlos Kameni (Espanyol), Hamidou Souleymanou (Kayserispor)
Defenders: Benoit Assou-Ekotto (Tottenham Hotspur), Sebastien Bassong (Tottenham Hotspur), Gaetan Bong (Valenciennes), Aurelien Chedjou (Lille), Geremi (Ankaragucu), Stephane Mbia (Olympique Marseille), Nicolas Nkoulou (Monaco), Rigobert Song (Trabzonspor)
Midfielders: Achille Emana (Real Betis), Enoh Eyong (Ajax Amsterdam), Jean Makoun (Olympique Lyon), Georges Mandjeck (Kaiserslautern), Joel Matip (Schalke 04), Landry Nguemo (Celtic), Alexandre Song (Arsenal)
Forwards: Vincent Aboubakar (Coton Sport), Eric Choupo-Moting (Nuremburg), Samuel Eto'o (Inter Milan), Mohamadou Idrissou (Freiburg), Achille Webo (Real Mallorca).