Ahli's Mohamed Shawky hit the opener as early as the fourth minute but Mohamed Al-Fayoumi leveled the score six minutes from the hour mark.
Veteran Abou-Treika sealed the victory for the Cairo giants five minutes later upon hitting his 101st league strike.
Ahli are now in third place with 29 points. Their city rivals Zamalek face Harras Hodoud on Thursday.
Police remain in fourth place on 29 points.
Police Pressure
Although Ahli opened the scoring in the early minutes, Police piled up sustained pressure on their opponents in the first half.
Shawky broke the deadlock when he rose unopposed to head home a cross whipped in by Ahmed Fathi from the right flank.
While Police sought to bring the score level, Manuel Jose's side tried to be dangerous on the counter attack.
The visitors could have netted an equalizer on 20 minutes after Ahli skipper Hossam Ghaly hesitated to clear the danger.
His poor reflex caused Al-Fayoumi steal the ball and try his luck on the goal, only for keeper Ahmed Adel to deny him.
Ahli Redeem Themselves, Police score
Ahli redeemed themselves after the break and were keen to double their advantage, but it was Police who scored.
A precise curling free kick by Al-Fayoumi canceled out the hosts' slender lead. However, Police's celebration didn't last for long.
Mercurial midfielder Mohamed Barakat earned a penalty kick after being felled in the area. Abou-Treika converted it to restore Ahli's superiority.
Al-Fayoumi came close to completing a brace on 65 minutes but saw his accurate header blocked by Adel.
Algerian starlet Amir Sayoud made a rare appearance when he replaced Abou-Treika 15 minutes from time.